MIC 205A Dr. Jan Decker
EXAM 4 KEY
November 30, 2007
Part 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE: Pick the one BEST answer and darken the corresponding letter on the scantron. Each answer is worth 3 points, for a Part 1 total of 90 points.
- Triple (or more) drug therapy against HIV and tuberculosis:
- a.is necessary only to prevent transmission.
- b.is risky in generating multiple drug resistance.
- c.is usually not necessary.
- d.prevents drug resistance from developing.
- e.prevents secondary infections.
- __________ is associated with strains of S. pyogenes producing destructive enzymes and toxins
- a.Cystitis
- b.Gangrene
- c.Meningitis
- d.Necrotizing fasciitis
- The best defense against arboviruses is
- a.prompt treatment with acyclovir.
- b.prophylactic rifampin.
- c.vector control.
- d.vaccination.
- e.All of the choices are correct.
- The 1925 Alaskan dog sled team delivered ______________ for the treatment of diphtheria in Nome.
- a.antibiotics
- b.anti-phage therapy
- c.anti-toxin
- d.vaccine
- Herpesviruses
- a.can become latent and cause an infection later.
- b.can be picked up in the environment.
- c.can be spread by insects.
- d.usually spread between species of mammal.
- Both Salmonella and Campylobacter
- a.are acquired by eating contaminated foods.
- b.cause diarrhea.
- c.inhabit the intestines of animals and birds.
- d.All of the above are true for both organisms.
- Normally Influenza changes slightly from year-to-year in the H and N proteins. The result is:
- a.antigenic shift.
- b.anti-viral drug resistance.
- c.a pandemic.
- d.need for a revised vaccine.
- The following are three ways that an infectious agent can get into the brain to cause encephalitis or meningitis: blood-borne, travel up neurons, severe infection at the back of the throat.
- All the following organisms cause rashes EXCEPT
- a. Bordetella pertussis
- b. Chickenpox virus (HHV3)
- c. Measles virus
- d. Streptococcus pyogenes
- e. Roseola virus (HHV6)
- Measles
- a.is acquired by contact and is then spread by lymphocytes.
- b.is acquired by contact and then remains latent in the body.
- c.is acquired by food or water and enters into the body through the GI tract.
- d.is acquired by inhalation and is then spread by lymphocytes.
- Most gastrointestinal pathogens are transmitted by
- a.direct contact with an infected person.
- b.insect bites.
- c.respiratory droplets.
- d.the fecal-oral route.
- The following may be contracted from swimming in warm unchlorinated water:
- a.Chlamydia trachomatis and Bordetella pertussis.
- b.Herpes simplex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- c.Salmonella, E. coli O157H7, and Giardia lamblia.
- d.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Naegleria fowleri.
BEST OVERALL Match of all letters: (use each letter ONCE for the following 5 questions)
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- a.Aedes aegypti
- b.Ixodes (soft) tick
- c. flea
- d.Culex mosquito
- e.Dog (hard) tic
- West Nile Virus
- a.Aedes aegypti
- b.Ixodes (soft) tick
- c. flea
- d.Culex mosquito
- e.Dog (hard) tick
- Plague
- a.Aedes aegypti
- b.Ixodes (soft) tick
- c. flea
- d.Culex mosquito
- e.Dog (hard) tick
- Dengue Fever
- a.Aedes aegypti
- b.Ixodes (soft) tick
- c. flea
- d.Culex mosquito
- e.Dog (hard) tick
- Borrelia (Lyme)
- a. Aedes aegypti
- b. Ixodes (soft) tick
- c. flea
- d. Culex mosquito
- e. Dog (hard) tick
- Diagnosis of rabies in an animal requires examination of the brain.
- Women are more susceptible to bladder infections than men because
- a.the female urinary tract has fewer natural defenses than the male.
- b.male skin carries fewer E. coli as normal flora.
- c.women have shorter urethras.
- d.None of the above is true.
- Rabies
- a.is acquired by biting and is then spread by lymphocytes.
- b.is acquired by biting and then enters neurons in the body.
- c.is acquired by food or water and enters into the body through the GI tract.
- d.is acquired by inhalation, and spreads throughout the body.
- These febrile diseases with a rash can cross the placenta and cause fetal damage:
- a.cytomegalovirus and roseola (HHV6)
- b.measles (rubeola) and mumps
- c.rubella and syphilis
- d.scarlet fever and meningococcemia
- Which of the following poses the most risk to the U.S. for viral hemorrhagic fever? [Credit given for all answers.]
- a.Ebola virus
- b.Dengue virus
- c.Hantavirus
- d.Lassa Fever virus
- e.Yellow Fever virus
- Infectious hepatitis [= Hepatitis A]
- a.can be prevented by a vaccine.
- b.can lead to cancer.
- c.is not a serious problem in the United States.
- d.is transmitted by blood transfusions.
- ALL of the following pertain to patients with AIDS EXCEPT
- a.can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders
- b.get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections
- c.have an immunodeficiency
- d.have declining CD4 T-cell titers
- e.highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States
- Arizonans are at risk for Rabies from foxes, skunks, coyotes, bats, and even bobcats.
- The predominant organism involved in acne is:
- a.Streptococcus pyogenes.
- b.Staphlyococcus aureus
- c.Propionibacterium acnes
- d.Corynebacteria
- e.Clostridia
- HIV can change and escape neutralizing antibodies even though there is a constant level of detectable antibody during the infection.
- A key virulence factor for organisms that cause gastrointestinal disease is
- a.a capsule.
- b.adherence.
- c.antibiotic resistance.
- d.avoiding phagocytosis.
- Humans acquire helminth infections from
- a.eating meat from infected animals.
- b.the environment.
- c.skin penetration.
- d.All of the above are true.
- Syphilis
- a.can be completely cleared by the immune system without antibiotic treatment.
- b.initially shows up as a skin rash.
- c.is a localized genital infection.
- d.None of the above is true.
Part 2 ESSAY: Answer TWO of the following questions in the space provided.
31. List five natural defenses of the urinary tract.
- Flushing action of urination
Requirement for adhesion
Shedding of epithelial cells
Secretory IgA
Lysozyme, lactoferrin in urine
Normal flora (outer regions)
Credit also given for longer urethra in males and lower pH (although normal pH is 6.5-8.)
32. Describe the three phases of a syphilis infection.
- Primary Syphilis - chancre at infection site
- Secondary syphilis - fever, headache, skin pustules (rash) ; lesions in joints, kidneys, CNS (systemic disease)
- Tertiary syphilis - gummata (rubbery tumors), bone deformities, blindness, loss of coordination, paralysis, insanity
33. Compare the severity of measles and rubella infections and explain why both are included in the MMR vaccine.
- Measles is a more severe childhood disease
- Measles is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death among children
Millions of children still remain at risk from measles.
In developed, measles death rates range from 1-5%, but among malnourished children, the death rate reaches 10-30%
Over 500,000 children under the age of five die each year.
Measles causes health complications, including pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis, and corneal scarring.
- Rubella causes a mild rash in children; however, when contracted in the first semester of pregnancy causes severe birth defects
- Disrupts fetus development of the CNS and/or other organs: Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Small birth weight, blindness, hearing loss, mental retardation, heart problems
Infection lasts for months-years in the newborn
34. EXTRA CREDIT!!!
(3 points) Tell me about one thing you knew that I did not ask on this test (either in the multiple choice or the essay questions).
- Could be any topic related to this portion of the course that was not already asked on the exam; significant information needed to be givn for points to be awarded (not just listing a topic)
