MIC205B Exam 3 Study guide
Prokaryotic nucleic acid biosynthesis
- What are the primary functions of DNA in the
cell?
- Understand the difference between chromosomes and
plasmids?
- How is DNA packaged into bacterial cells?
- Know the structure of DNA and how that structure
provides a mechanism for DNA replication
- What is meant by semi-conservative replication of
DNA?
- How do topoisomerases
relax or supercoil DNA?
- Understand the process of DNA replication at the
replication fork in detail
- Characteristics and function of the three major
prokaryotic DNA polymerases
- How does bidirectional DNA replication work? How
is replication of the chromosome terminated?
- How does rolling circle replication operate?
- The Central Dogma!
- Be able to identify sequences involved in the architecture
of a gene such as a promoter, a ribosome binding site and a start codon
- Understand the relationship between codons in the DNA/RNA and amino acids in proteins
- The genetic code is degenerate – What does this
mean?
Prokayotic
transcription and translation
- Understand the function of the RNA polymerase and
the importance of the sigma factor
- Know the process of transcription
- What type of RNA molecules can be produced during
transcription and what are their roles in the translation?
- The structure of tRNAs
and how that relates to their function as “translators” during translation
- What does the anticodon
do?
- Where is the amino acid
attached and what determines its specificity?
- What is meant by the “wobble” position in a codon?
- Understand the structure of a ribosome
- How do mRNAs bind to the ribosome? What is the
ribosome binding site?
- The significance of N-formylmethionine
in prokaryotic translation
- Understand the steps involved in formation of the
30S and 70S initiation complexes during translation and the role of
initiation factors in that process
- What happens during the elongation step of
translation and how are elongation factors involved in the process
- Understand the composition and function of peptidyltransferase
- Significance of coupling of transcription and
translation and polysomes
- Understand why bacteria regulate protein
production at the transcriptional level.
- Be able to describe an operon
and what advantages this structure provides in regulating protein
production
- Understand the types of operons,
and what type of regulators may control them.
Eukaryotic DNA replication,
transcription and translation
- Understand the fundrmental
differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in DNA replication,
transcription and translation
- How are the ends of linear chromosomes
replicated?
- What are the functions of the three major RNA polymersases in eukaryotes?
- How do eukaryotic promoter differ from prokaryotic
promoters?
- What are the three major post-transcriptional
modifications made to eukaryotic mRNAs?
- How do these occur?
- What is their significance?
- Major differences between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic translation.
