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Checkley, W., R.H. Gilman, R.E. Black, L.D. Epstein, L. Cabrera, C.R. Sterling, and L.H. Moulton. Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community. Lancet 363:112-118, 2004.
Sturbaum, G.D., B.H. Jost and C.R. Sterling. Nucleotide changes within three Cryptosporidium parvum surface protein encoding genes differentiate genotype I from genotype II isolates. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol. 128:87-90, 2003.
Marshall, M.M., S. Hayes, J. Moffett, C.R. Sterling and W.L. Nicholson. Comparison of UV inactivation of spores of three encephalitozoon species with that of spores of two DNA repair-deficient Bacillus subtilis biodosimetry strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:683-685, 2003.
Sterling, C.R. and R.L. Guerrant. Cryptosporidium. In: Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd ed., M.J. Blaser, P.D. Smith, J.I. Ravdin, H.B. Greenberg, and R.L. Guerrant, eds. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. pp. 1007-1027, 2002.
Bern, C., Y. Ortega, W. Checkley, J.M Roberts, A.G. Lescano, L. Cabrera, M. Verastegui, R.E. Black, C. Sterling and R.H. Gilman. Epidemiological differences between Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium in a cohort of Peruvian children. Emerg. Inf. Dis. 8:581-585, 2002.
Sturbaum, G.D., P.T. Klonicki, M.M. Marshall, B.H. Jost, B.L. Clay, and C.R. Sterling. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-fluorescent antibody detection and IMS-PCR detection of seeded Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in natural waters and their limitations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68:2991-2996, 2002.
Reed, C., G.D. Sturbaum, P.J. Hoover and C.R. Sterling. Cryptosporidium parvum mixed genotypes detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68:427-429, 2002.
Sturbaum, G.D., C. Reed, P.J. Hoover, B.H. Jost, M.M. Marshall, and C. R. Sterling. Species-specific, nested PCR-RFLP detection of single Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67:2665-2668, 2001.
Clancy, J.L., Z. Bukhari, T.M. Hargy, J.R. Bolton, B. Dussert, and M.M. Marshall. Comparison of medium- and low-pressure UV light for Cryptosporidium inactivation. JAWWA, 29:97-104, 2000.
Hargy T.M., J.L Clancy, Z. Bukhari, et al. Shedding UV light on the Cryptosporidium threat. J. Environ. Health, 63:19-22, 2000.
Adam R.D., Y.R. Ortega, R.H. Gilman, and C.R. Sterling. Intervening transcribed spacer region 1 variability in Cyclospora cayetanensis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 38:2339-43, 2000.
Eberhard, M.L., Y.R. Ortega, D.E. Hanes, E.K. Nace, R.Q. Do, M.G. Robl, K.Y. Won, C. Gavidia, N.L. Sass, K. Mansfield, A. Gozalo, J. Griffiths, R. Gilman, C.R. Sterling, and M.J. Arrowood. Attempts to establish experimental Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in laboratory animals. J. Parasitol., 86:577-82, 2000.
Sterling, C.R. Cryptosporidiosis: the treatment dilemma. J. Med. Microbiol., 49:207-208, 2000.
Bukhari, Z., M.M. Marshall, D.G. Korich, C.R. Fricker, H.V. Smith, J. Rosen, and J.L. Clancy. Comparison of Cryptosporidium parvum viability and infectivity assays following ozone treatment of oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66:2972-2980, 2000.
Korich, D.G., M.M. Marshall, Z. Bukhari, H.V. Smith, J. O'Grady, C.R. Fricker, J. Rosen, and J.L.Clancy. Inter-laboratory comparison of the CD-1 neonatal mouse dose response model for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J. Euk. Microbiol., 47:294-298, 2000.
Wolk, D.M., C.H. Johnson, E.W. Rice, M.M. Marshall, C.B. Plummer, and C.R. Sterling. A spore counting method and cell culture model for chlorine disinfection studies of the human Microsporidia, Encephalitozoon syn. Septata intestinalis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66:1266-1273, 2000.
Chappell, C.L., P.C. Okhuysen, C.R. Sterling, C. Wang, W. Jakubowski, and H.L. DuPont. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy adults with pre-existing anti-C. parvum serum IgG. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 60:157-164, 1999.
Okhuysen, P.C., C.L. Chappell, J.H. Crabb, C.R. Sterling, and H.L. DuPont. Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults. J. Inf. Dis., 180:1275-1281, 1999.
Sterling, C.R. and Y.R. Ortega. Cyclospora: An enigma worth unraveling. Emerging Inf. Dis., 5:48-53, 1999.
Cama R.I., U.D. Parashar, D.N. Taylor, T. Hickey, D. Figueroa, Y.R. Ortega, S. Romero, J. Perez, C.R. Sterling, J.R. Gentsch, R.H. Gilman and R.I. Glass. Enteropathogens and other factors associated with severe disease in children with acute watery diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J. Infect. Dis., 179:1139-1144, 1999.
Gumbo T., S. Sarbah, I.T. Gangaidzo, Y. Ortega, C. R. Sterling, A. Carville, S. Tzipori and P.M. Wiest. Intestinal parasites in patients with diarrhea and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Zimbabwe. AIDS 13:819-821, 1999.
Cegielski J.P., Y.R. Ortega, S. McKee, J.F. Madden, L. Gaido, D.A. Schwartz, K. Manji, A.F. Jorgensen, S.E. Miller, U.P. Pulipaka, A.E. Msengi, D.H. Mwakyusa, C.R. Sterling and L.B. Reller. Cryptosporidium, enterocytozoon, and Cyclospora infections in pediatric and adult patients with diarrhea in Tanzania. Clin. Infect. Dis., 28:314-321, 1999.
Sterling C.R. and M.M. Marshall. "Cryptosporidium parvum" in Waterborne Pathogens Manual (M48). AWWA, 159-161, 1999.
LeChevallier, MW., M. Abbaszdegan, A.K. Camper, C.J. Hurst, G. Lzaguirre, M. Marshall, D. Naumovitz, P. Payment, E.W. Rice, J.B. Rose, S. Schaub, T.R. Slifko, H.V. Smith, D.B. Smith, C.R. Sterling, and M. Stewart. Emerging Pathogens - Viruses, protozoa, and algal toxins. JAWWA, 91:110-121, 1999.
Ortega Y.R., C.R. Sterlingand R.H. Gilman. Cyclospora cayetanensis. Adv. Parasitol., 40:399-418, 1998.
Sturbaum G.D., Y.R., Ortega, R.H. Gilman, C.R. Sterling, L. Cabrera and D.A. Klein. Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64:2284-2286, 1998.
Okhuysen, P.C., C.L. Chappell, C.R. Sterling, W. Jakubowski, and H.L. DuPont. Susceptibility and serologic response of healthy adults to reinfection with Cryptosporidium parvum. Infect. Immun., 66:441-443, 1998.
Dyksen, J., M.M. Marshall, A. Gera, and J.L. Clancy. Cost of advanced UV for inactivating Crypto. JAWWA, 50:103-111, 1998.
Clancy, J.L., T.M. Hargy, M.M. Marshall, and J. Drksen. UV light inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. JAWWA, 50:92-102, 1998.
Checkley W., L.D. Epstein, R.H. Gilman, R.E. Black, L. Cabrera and C.R. Sterling. Effects of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Peruvian children: growth faltering and subsequent catch-up growth. Am. J. Epidemiol., 148:497-506, 1998.
Ortega Y.R., R. Nagle, R.H. Gilman, J. Watanabe, J. Miyagui, H. Quispe, P. Kanagusuku, C. Roxas and C.R. Sterling. Pathologic and clinical findings in patients with cyclosporiasis and a description of intracellular parasite life-cycle stages. J. Infect. Dis., 176:1584-1589, 1997.
Ortega, Y.R., C.R. Roxas, R.H. Gilman, N.J. Miller, L. Cabrera, C. Taquiri, and C.R. Sterling. Isolation of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis from vegatables collected in markets of an endemic region in Peru. Am . J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 57:683-686, 1997.
Marshall, M.M., D.W. Naumovitz, Y. Ortega, and C.R. Sterling. Waterborne protozoan parasites. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 10:67-85, 1997.
Madico G., J. McDonald, R.H. Gilman, L. Cabrera and C.R. Sterling. Epidemiology and treatment of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Peruvian children. Clin. Infect. Dis., 24:977-981, 1997.
Chappell, C.L., P. Okhuysen, C.R. Sterling, and H.L. DuPont. Cryptosporidium parvum: intensity of infection and oocyst excretion patterns in healthy volunteers. J. Inf. Dis., 173:232-236, 1996.
Okhuysen, P.C., C.L. Chappell, C. Kettner, S. Chakravarthy, and C.R. Sterling. Cryptosporidium parvum metallo-aminopeptidase inhibitors prevent in vitro excystation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 40:2781-2784, 1996.
Adal, K.A., C.R. Sterling, and R.L Guerrant. Cryptosporidium and related species. In: Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract, M.J. Blaser, P.D. Smith, J.I. Ravdin, H.B. Greenberg, and R.L. Guerrant, eds. Raven Press, New York, pp. 1107-1128, 1995.
Sterling. C.R. Emerging pathogens: Cyclospora, the Microspora, and how many more? In: Protozoan Parasites and Water, W.B. Betts, D. Casemore, C. Fricker, H. Smith, and J. Watkins, eds. Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Cambridge, pp. 243-245, 1995.
DuPont, H.L., C.L. Chappell, C.R. Sterling, P.C. Okhuysen, J.B. Rose, and W. Jakubowski. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum for adult humans. New Engl. J. Med., 332:855-859, 1995.
Cama, V., M. M. Marshall, Y. Ortega, L. Shubitz, and C.R. Sterling. Treatment of acute and chronic C. parvum infections in mice using clarithromycin and 14 OH clarithromycin. J. Euk. Microbiol., 41:25S. 1994.
Sterling, C.R. and M.J. Arrowood. Cryptosporidia. In: Parasitic Protozoa, 2 ed. vol. 6, J.R. Kreier ed. Acad. Press Inc., New York. pp. 159-225, 1993.
Ortega, Y.R., C.R. Sterling, R.H. Gilman, V.A. Cama, and F. Diaz. Cyclospora species: a new protozoan pathogen of humans. New Eng. J. Med., 328:1308-1312, 1993.
Yozwaik, M.L, D.G. Korich, M.M.Marshall, M.J. Arrowood, N.A. Sinclair, and C.R.Sterling. The effect of holding time and temperature on viability of Cryptosporidium oocysts as measured by animal infectivity. Proc. Am. Water Works Assoc. Water Quality Tech. Conf., 1145-1156, 1993.
Korich, D.G., M.L. Yozwaik, M.M.Marshall, M.J. Arrowood, N.A. Sinclair, and C.R.Sterling. Development of a test to assess Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts viability: correlation with infectivity potential. Published by AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association. Denver CO. 1993.
Ortega, Y., C.R. Sterling, M.M. Marshall, and R.H. Gilman. Cyclospora: the potential for waterborne transmission. Proc. Am. Water Works Assoc. Water Quality Tech. Conf., 465-468. 1992.
Schaub, S.A., H.T. Hargett, K.I. Kamrud, C.R. Sterling and M.M. Marshall. Microbiological disinfection using new point-of-use water purification purification procedures. In: Advances in Filtration and Separation Technology, Vol 5, B.Scheiner, Ed., Gulf Publ. Co, Houston TX. Pp 180-184, 1992.
Schaub, S.A., H.T. Hargett, K.I. Kamrud, C.R. Sterling and M.M. Marshall. Evaluation of the military effectiveness of Chlor-Flor water purification tablets for treatment of waterborne micro-organisms. U.S. Army Medical Research & Development Command Technical Report 9205, pp1-49. 1992.
Korich, D.G., M.L. Yozwaik, M.M.Marshall, M.J. Arrowood, N.A. Sinclair, and C.R.Sterling. Cryptosporidium viability: assessment and correlation with infectivity. Proc. Am. Water Works Assoc. Water Quality Tech. Conf., 19:65-74. 1991.
Cama, V.A. and C.R. Sterling. Hyperimmune hens as a novel source of anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies suitable for passive immune transfer. J. Protozool., 38:42S-43S, 1991.
Ortega, Y.R., R.R. Sheehy, V.A. Cama, K.K. Oishi, and C. R. Sterling. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates of bovine and human origin. J. Protozool., 38:40S-41S, 1991.
Mead, J.R., R.C. Humphreys, D.W. Sammons, and C.R. Sterling. Identification of isolate-specific sporozoite proteins of Cryptosporidium parvum using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Infect. Immun., 58:2071-2075, 1990.
Sterling, C.R. Waterborne Cryprosporidiosis. In: Cryptosporidiosis in Man and Animals. J.P. Dubey, C.A. Speer, and R. Fayer, eds. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL. pp. 51-58, 1990.
Arrowood, M.J., J.R. Mead, J.L. Mahrt, and C.R. Sterling. Effects of immune colostrum and orally administered anti-sporozoite monoclonal antibodies on the outcome of Cryptosporidium parvum infections in neonatal mice. Infect. Immun., 57:2283-2288, 1989.
Arrowood, M.J. and C.R. Sterling. Comparison of conventional staining methods and monoclonal antibody based methods for Cryptosporidium oocyst detection. J. Clin. Microbiol., 27:1490-1495, 1989.
Stetzenbach, L.D., M.J. Arrowood, M.M. Marshall and C.R. Sterling. Monoclonal antibody based immunofluorescent assay for Giardia and Cryptosporidium detection. Sci. Tech., 20:193-198. 1988.
Mead, J.R., M.J. Arrowood, and C.R. Sterling. Antigens of Cryptosporidium sporozoites recognized by immune sera of infected animals and humans. J. Parasitol., 74:135-143, 1988.
Arrowood, M.J. and C.R. Sterling. Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients. J. Parasitol., 73:314-319, 1987.
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For more information, contact Dr. Charles Sterling at:
Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology
University of Arizona
1117 E Lowell Street
Building 90, Room 304
Tucson, AZ 85721
Fax: 520-621-4580
E-mail: csterlin@u.arizona.edu
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Last updated May 5, 2004